Introduction of general acceleration sensor

Universal acceleration sensor is a kind of sensor that can measure acceleration. It is usually composed of mass, damper, elastic element, sensitive element and adaptive circuit. In the acceleration process, the general acceleration sensor obtains the acceleration value by measuring the inertial force on the mass and using Newton's second law. According to the different sensitive elements of the sensor, the common acceleration sensors are capacitive, inductive, strain, piezoresistive, piezoelectric and so on.

Piezoelectric: piezoelectric accelerometer, also known as piezoelectric accelerometer. It also belongs to inertial sensors. The principle of piezoelectric accelerometer is to use the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics or time-dependent crystals. When the accelerometer vibrates, the force exerted by the mass of the universal accelerometer on the piezoelectric element will also change. When the measured vibration frequency is much lower than the natural frequency of the accelerometer, the change of force is directly proportional to the measured acceleration.

Piezoresistive: piezoresistive accelerometer is based on the world's leading MEMS silicon micromachining technology. It has the characteristics of small volume, low power consumption and easy integration in various analog and digital circuits. It is widely used in automobile collision experiments, test instruments, equipment vibration monitoring and other fields.

Capacitance: capacitive acceleration sensor is a capacitive sensor based on capacitance principle. Capacitive accelerometer / capacitive accelerometer is a general acceleration sensor. There are no alternatives in some areas, such as airbags, mobile phones and mobile devices. Capacitive accelerometer / capacitive accelerometer adopts MEMS technology, which becomes economical in large-scale production, so as to ensure lower cost.

Servo type: servo universal acceleration sensor is a closed-loop test system, which has the characteristics of good dynamic performance, large dynamic range and good linearity. Its working principle is that the vibration system of the general accelerometer is composed of "m-k" system, which is the same as that of the general accelerometer, but the mass m is connected with an electromagnetic coil. When the acceleration is input on the base, the mass deviates from the equilibrium position. The displacement is detected by the displacement sensor, amplified by the servo amplifier and converted into current output. The current flows through the electromagnetic coil and generates an electromagnetic restoring force in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet in an attempt to maintain the mass at the original equilibrium position in the instrument housing.

Due to its feedback effect, servo acceleration measurement technology has been widely used in inertial navigation and inertial guidance systems and high-precision vibration measurement and calibration, which enhances the anti-interference ability, improves the measurement accuracy and expands the measurement range. By measuring the acceleration caused by gravity, the inclination angle of the equipment relative to the horizontal plane can be calculated. By analyzing the dynamic acceleration, the motion mode of the equipment can be analyzed. But at first, you will find that measuring inclination and acceleration with light does not seem very useful. However, engineers have come up with many ways to get more useful information.

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